Velarion · Company Intelligence
Compensation Brief
Fiscal year 2025 · Filings through 2026-07-13

Amylyx Pharmaceuticals (AMLX)

Fiscal year 2025 executive and director compensation, incentive-plan design, equity activity, and governance — every figure in this brief is traceable to its exact location in the company’s SEC filing — the document, the section, the page, and the table, linked directly.

$2,719,807
Justin Klee total, FY2025
CEO pay percentile vs peers
9:1
CEO-to-median pay ratio
85.18%
Say-on-pay support, latest vote
Companies that benchmark against AMLX
5 companies name AMLX as a compensation peer

Each company listed discloses AMLX in its own benchmarking peer group, as disclosed in each company's most recent proxy statement within the last two proxy seasons. Two companies are therefore absent by design: one that named AMLX in an earlier year and no longer does, and one whose own most recent disclosure is older than the last two seasons.

01

Summary Compensation Table — fiscal year 2025

Named executive officerSalaryBonusStock awardsOption awardsNon-equity incentivePension / NQDCAll otherTotal
Justin Klee$686,200$0$650,226$817,783$548,098$0$17,500$2,719,807
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director
Joshua Cohen686,2000650,226817,783548,098017,5002,719,807
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director
Camille Bedrosian575,0000246,996312,872275,5690157,2371,567,674
Chief Medical Officer
James Frates540,6000246,996311,148259,083017,5001,375,327
Chief Financial Officer

A dash means the company reported no figure in that column; 0 means it reported zero. Figures are as printed in the filing, without adjustment.

Three-year trend — total compensation per named executive

Named executive officerFY2025 totalFY2024 totalFY2023 totalΔ FY20242025
Justin Klee$2,719,807
Joshua Cohen2,719,807
Camille Bedrosian1,567,674
James Frates1,375,327

Prior-year totals as disclosed in the corresponding proxy; deltas are computed values with the derivation shown in the register.

02

Equity transactions since the proxy statement was filed

Every insider equity transaction reported on Form 4 after the 2025 proxy statement — acquisitions, dispositions, exercises, and withholdings — and therefore not reflected in any table in that document.

InsiderRoleTransaction dateCodeSharesPriceValueSecuritySource
Karen FirestoneDirector2026-05-21A3,800$14$51,338CommonForm 4 ↗
George M. Milne JrDirector2026-06-04A24,37200Derivative, Class A CommonForm 4 ↗
Paul FonteyneDirector2026-06-04A24,37200Derivative, Class A CommonForm 4 ↗
Daphne QuimiDirector2026-06-04A24,37200Derivative, Class A CommonForm 4 ↗
Bernhardt G. ZeiherDirector2026-06-04A24,37200Derivative, Class A CommonForm 4 ↗
Karen FirestoneDirector2026-06-04A24,37200Derivative, Class A CommonForm 4 ↗
Gina MazzarielloChief Legal Officer2026-07-09D15,00018264,122CommonForm 4 ↗
Gina MazzarielloChief Legal Officer2026-07-09D15,00018274,746CommonForm 4 ↗

Transaction codes per Form 4: A acquisition · S open-market sale · F tax withholding · M option exercise · G gift. Value = shares × price as reported. Dividend-equivalent and fractional-share accrual rows (derivative Class A, under $10,000 and under 2,000 shares) are aggregated per date; every row appears in full below.

03

Grants of plan-based awards — fiscal year 2025

ExecutiveAwardGrant dateThresholdTargetGrantedMaximumGrant-date fair value
Justin KleeOPTION$817,783
Camille BedrosianOPTION312,872
James FratesPRSU246,996
Joshua CohenPRSU650,226
Justin KleePRSU650,226
Joshua CohenOPTION817,783
Camille BedrosianPRSU246,996
James FratesOPTION311,148
03b

Vehicle mix — grant-date fair value by award type

Named executive officerTime-vested (RSU)Performance-vested (PSU)Options / SARs% performance-vested
Justin Klee$0$0$817,7830.0%
Camille Bedrosian00312,8720.0%
James Frates00311,1480.0%
Joshua Cohen00817,7830.0%

% performance-vested = PSU grant-date fair value ÷ (RSU + PSU + Options), a computed value with the derivation shown in the register.

04

Outstanding equity awards at fiscal year-end 2025

ExecutiveAwardShares unvestedExercise priceMarket value unvested
Justin KleeRSU180,118$2,175,825
Justin KleePSU180,1182,175,825
Joshua CohenRSU95,0011,147,612
Justin KleeRSU95,0011,147,612
Camille BedrosianRSU68,420826,514
James FratesRSU7,91795,637
Justin KleeRSU18,750226,500
James FratesOption102,6303.61
Camille BedrosianRSU29,167352,337
Justin KleeOption270,1773.61
Justin KleeRSU25,000302,000
Joshua CohenRSU180,1182,175,825
Justin KleeOption221,6672.01
James FratesRSU30,000362,400
Joshua CohenOption221,6672.01
Camille BedrosianOption102,6303.61
Joshua CohenOption7,03219
Camille BedrosianOption70,0002.01
Joshua CohenOption70,31332.08
Camille BedrosianOption81,25012.93
Joshua CohenOption102,91717.56
Justin KleeOption7,03219
Justin KleeOption70,31332.08
James FratesOption2,96919
James FratesOption1,04219.63
James FratesOption32,50017.56
James FratesRSU10,834130,875
James FratesOption30,46932.08
Joshua CohenOption270,1773.61
Joshua CohenPSU180,1182,175,825
James FratesRSU68,420826,514
James FratesPSU68,420826,514
Camille BedrosianPSU68,420826,514
James FratesOption70,0002.01
Joshua CohenRSU25,000302,000
Joshua CohenRSU18,750226,500
Justin KleeOption102,91717.56
05

Incentive-plan design — the Compensation Discussion & Analysis

The key objectives of our executive compensation program are to attract, motivate, retain, and reward leaders who create an inclusive and diverse environment and have the skills and experience necessary to successfully execute on our strategic plan to maximize stockholder value.

CEO STI target (% of salary)75%
CEO LTI target (% of salary)
Independent consultantPearl Meyer
Clawback policyTrue
Anti-hedgingTrue
Anti-pledgingTrue
06

Say-on-pay — recent advisory votes

Meeting yearMeeting dateForAgainstAbstainSupportOutcome
20262026-06-0477,534,82413,490,65321,12585.18%Passed
20252025-06-0533,080,25224,050,9982,024,27257.9%Passed

Rows are labeled by annual-meeting year, with the meeting date beside each; the vote held in a given year acts on the prior fiscal year's compensation.

Say-on-pay — history, company's computation

Meeting yearMeeting dateApproval — company's computation
20262026-06-0485.18%a
20252025-06-0557.9%b

a. Approved under the standard stated in the filing — “Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on this proposal.”.

b. Approved under the standard stated in the filing — “Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of the vote on this proposal.”.

Approval percentages are the company's own reported computations under its own stated standard, not recomputed by Velarion. Where a company does not state a standard, none is assumed.

07

CEO pay ratio

Ratio (CEO : median employee)9 : 1
CEO total compensation$2,719,807
Median employee compensation$298,360
08

Director compensation — fiscal year 2025

DirectorCash feesStock awardsOption awardsNon-equity incentiveAll otherTotal
George Mclean Milne Jr., Ph.DIndependent · Board Chair · Audit · Compensation · Nominating/Governance (Chair) · Science and Technology$117,500$0$101,078$0$0$218,578
Daphne QuimiIndependent · Audit (Chair) · Compensation72,5000101,07800173,578
Paul FonteyneIndependent · Compensation (Chair) · Science and Technology67,5000101,07800168,578
Bernhardt Zeiher, M.DIndependent · Nominating/Governance · Science and Technology (Chair)65,0000101,07800166,078
Karen FirestoneIndependent · Audit · Nominating/Governance60,0000101,07800161,078
Joshua CohenEmployee director00000
Justin KleeEmployee director00000
09

Board fee structure and ownership guideline

Annual cash retainer$45,000
Annual equity retainer$285,000
Per board meeting fee
Committee chair fees (audit / comp / nom-gov)20,000 / 15,000 / 10,000
Stock ownership guideline
09b

Total cost of the board

ComponentFY2025
Cash retainers and fees$382,500
Equity awards (grant-date value)$0
All other compensation$0
Total cost of the board$382,500

Computed as the sum of the director compensation table rows above; inputs and formula shown in the register.

10

Disclosed peer group — fiscal year 2025

The compensation peer group as the company disclosed it in its own proxy — the reference set behind the percentile above.

BCAB BioAtla, Inc.BMEA Biomea Fusion, Inc.CTMX CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.VSTM Verastem, Inc.ACRS Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc.ADVM Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc.ATYR aTyr Pharma, IncIMUX Immunic, Inc.GOSS Gossamer Bio, Inc.PYXS Pyxis Oncology, Inc.INZY Inozyme Pharma, Inc. Syros Pharmaceuticals, Inc.PEPG PepGen Inc.AURA Aura Biosciences, Inc.CMRX Chimerix, Inc.RAPT RAPT Therapeutics, Inc.VIGL Vigil Neuroscience, Inc.XBIT XBiotech Inc.
10a

Peer reciprocity

Of the companies Amylyx Pharmaceuticals names as compensation peers, which name it back in their own disclosed peer groups. A peer set the market reciprocates reads differently from one selected in a single direction.

BioAtla, Inc. (BCAB) Biomea Fusion, Inc. (BMEA) CytomX Therapeutics, Inc. (CTMX) Verastem, Inc. (VSTM) Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc. (ACRS) Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc. (ADVM) aTyr Pharma, Inc (ATYR)41 Immunic, Inc. (IMUX) Gossamer Bio, Inc. (GOSS)42 Pyxis Oncology, Inc. (PYXS) Inozyme Pharma, Inc. (INZY) PepGen Inc. (PEPG) Aura Biosciences, Inc. (AURA) Chimerix, Inc. (CMRX)43 RAPT Therapeutics, Inc. (RAPT) Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. (VIGL) XBiotech Inc. (XBIT)

Reciprocity shown where the peer's own current proxy has been read — each mark is cited in the register to that peer's filing. A dash means the peer's current proxy was read and names no reciprocal group including Amylyx Pharmaceuticals.

10b

Chief executive pay against the peer group

Most recent fiscal-year chief executive compensation at each disclosed peer, taken from that company's own proxy statement.

RankCompanyFYChief executiveSalaryStock awardsOption awardsNon-equity incentiveTotal
1RAPT Therapeutics, Inc.2024Brian Wong$630,000$0$5,927,297$416,000$6,979,539
2Aura Biosciences, Inc.2025Elisabet de los Pinos645,4831,492,3781,513,293284,0133,956,167
3aTyr Pharma, Inc2025Sanjay Shukla638,97702,595,200210,8623,456,253
4Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc.2025Neal Walker615,000828,4261,581,615350,5503,375,591
5Amylyx Pharmaceuticals2025Justin Klee686,200650,226817,783548,0982,719,807
6Inozyme Pharma, Inc.2024Douglas Treco541,66701,933,37502,485,392
7Gossamer Bio, Inc.2025Faheem Hasnain649,64901,392,006254,8002,300,455
8Chimerix, Inc.2023Mike Andriole528,47393,135399,282280,5001,312,421
BioAtla, Inc.not in coverage universe
Biomea Fusion, Inc.not in coverage universe
CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.not in coverage universe
Verastem, Inc.not in coverage universe
Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc.not in coverage universe
Immunic, Inc.not in coverage universe
Pyxis Oncology, Inc.not in coverage universe
PepGen Inc.not in coverage universe
Vigil Neuroscience, Inc.not in coverage universe
XBiotech Inc.not in coverage universe

Each peer's compensation is from its most recently filed proxy; fiscal years differ by company. Each peer's figures come from its own filings; the subject company is highlighted. Peers whose chief executive compensation is outside our coverage universe are stated as such, never left blank.

10c

Incentive design against the same peers

CompanyAnnual incentive payoutLong-term vehicle mixPSU measures include TSRCompensation consultant
Amylyx Pharmaceuticals106.5%not disclosedNoPearl Meyer
Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosedPearl Meyer
Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
aTyr Pharma, Inc60% (Committee lowered payout from 75% achievement to 60% given EFZO-FIT study results)%Options 100not disclosedRadford (Aon plc Rewards Solutions)
Aura Biosciences, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosedPay Governance
BioAtla, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Biomea Fusion, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Chimerix, Inc.not disclosedOptions 86 · RSU 14not disclosedAon plc (Human Capital Solutions practice)
CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Gossamer Bio, Inc.65%not disclosedNoAlpine Rewards
Immunic, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Inozyme Pharma, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosedAlpine Rewards
PepGen Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Pyxis Oncology, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
RAPT Therapeutics, Inc.120%Options 100not disclosedAon plc/Radford
Verastem, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Vigil Neuroscience, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
XBiotech Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed

Read from each company's Compensation Discussion and Analysis: annual incentive payout as a percentage of target, the disclosed long-term vehicle mix, whether performance-share measures include a total shareholder return component, and the retained compensation consultant. “Not disclosed” appears only where the company's filing does not state the item.

11

Source register

Each figure's location is given both for the eye (section · page · table · row · column) and for a script (table/row/column index and exact character span in the filed document). Any figure can be independently confirmed against the source.

#SupportsDocumentFiledAccessionLocation in document
1Section 01, Justin KleeDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “2025 Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 2,719,807. Filing ↗machine: r4 · c29 · span 597623–597632
2Section 01, Joshua CohenDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “2025 Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 2,719,807. Filing ↗machine: r2 · c29 · span 575856–575865
3Section 01, Camille BedrosianDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “2025 Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 1,567,674. Filing ↗machine: r8 · c29 · span 641160–641169
4Section 01, James FratesDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “2025 Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 1,375,327. Filing ↗machine: r6 · c29 · span 619370–619379
5Section 03, Justin Klee OPTIONDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r4 · c17 · span 593496–593503
6Section 03, Camille Bedrosian OPTIONDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r8 · c17 · span 637032–637039
7Section 03, James Frates PRSUDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r6 · c13 · span 613867–613874
8Section 03, Joshua Cohen PRSUDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r2 · c13 · span 570353–570360
9Section 03, Justin Klee PRSUDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r4 · c13 · span 592120–592127
10Section 03, Joshua Cohen OPTIONDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r2 · c17 · span 571729–571736
11Section 03, Camille Bedrosian PRSUDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r8 · c13 · span 635656–635663
12Section 03, James Frates OPTIONDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t13 · r6 · c17 · span 615243–615250
13Section 07, pay ratioDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “CEO Pay Ratio”. As printed: 9 : 1. Filing ↗machine: span 1435327–1435328
14Section 08, George Mclean Milne Jr., Ph.DDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 218,578. Filing ↗machine: t23 · r2 · c11 · span 1449118–1449125
15Section 08, Daphne QuimiDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 173,578. Filing ↗machine: t23 · r3 · c11 · span 1453699–1453706
16Section 08, Paul FonteyneDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 168,578. Filing ↗machine: t23 · r4 · c11 · span 1458281–1458288
17Section 08, Bernhardt Zeiher, M.DDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 166,078. Filing ↗machine: t23 · r5 · c11 · span 1462872–1462879
18Section 08, Karen FirestoneDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 161,078. Filing ↗machine: t23 · r6 · c11 · span 1467456–1467463
19Section 08, Joshua CohenDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 0. Filing ↗
20Section 08, Justin KleeDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 0. Filing ↗
21Section 02, Karen Firestone 2026-05-21Form 42026-05-260001193125-26-239216Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
22Section 02, George M. Milne Jr 2026-06-04Form 42026-06-080001193125-26-261638Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
23Section 02, Paul Fonteyne 2026-06-04Form 42026-06-080001193125-26-261637Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
24Section 02, Daphne Quimi 2026-06-04Form 42026-06-080001193125-26-261640Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
25Section 02, Bernhardt G. Zeiher 2026-06-04Form 42026-06-080001193125-26-261647Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
26Section 02, Karen Firestone 2026-06-04Form 42026-06-080001193125-26-261641Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
27Section 02, Gina Mazzariello 2026-07-09Form 42026-07-130001193125-26-301996Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
28Section 02, Gina Mazzariello 2026-07-09Form 42026-07-130001193125-26-301996Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
29Section 06, 2026 voteForm 8-K2026-06-040001193125-26-257390Item 5.07 · say-on-pay result. As reported: 85.18% (votes for as printed: 77,534,824). Filing ↗
30Section 06, 2025 voteForm 8-K2025-06-050001193125-25-135860Item 5.07 · say-on-pay result. As reported: 57.9% (votes for as printed: 33,080,252). Filing ↗
31Section 03b vehicle mix (computed)ComputedcomputedRSU / PSU / Options grant-date fair values summed per officer from the grants table; % performance-vested = PSU ÷ (RSU+PSU+Options).machine: formula: sums + PSU ratio
32Section 09b board cost (computed)ComputedcomputedCash 382,500 + equity 0 + all other 0 = 382,500, summed across the director compensation table rows.machine: formula: Σ = 382,500
33RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2025-04-140000950170-25-053517CEO total compensation as printed in RAPT Therapeutics, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 6,979,539. Filing ↗machine: r2 · c23 · span 816852–816861
34Aura Biosciences, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-200001193125-26-163933CEO total compensation as printed in Aura Biosciences, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 3,956,167. Filing ↗machine: t10 · r2 · c29 · span 480151–480160
35aTyr Pharma, Inc, Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-03-260001339970-26-000021CEO total compensation as printed in aTyr Pharma, Inc's own proxy. As printed: 3,456,253. Filing ↗machine: t11 · r2 · c21 · span 533754–533763
36Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-230001104659-26-047262CEO total compensation as printed in Aclaris Therapeutics, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 3,375,591. Filing ↗machine: r2 · c14 · span 317880–317889
37Amylyx Pharmaceuticals (subject), Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-230001193125-26-171800CEO total compensation as printed in Amylyx Pharmaceuticals's own proxy. As printed: 2,719,807. Filing ↗machine: r4 · c29 · span 597623–597632
38Inozyme Pharma, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2025-04-290000950170-25-060198CEO total compensation as printed in Inozyme Pharma, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 2,485,392. Filing ↗machine: span 345346–345355
39Gossamer Bio, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-240001728117-26-000027CEO total compensation as printed in Gossamer Bio, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 2,300,455. Filing ↗machine: r2 · c48 · span 378559–378568
40Chimerix, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2024-04-260001117480-24-000010CEO total compensation as printed in Chimerix, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 1,312,421. Filing ↗machine: t16 · r2 · c8 · span 463873–463882
41Section 10a, aTyr Pharma, Inc reciprocityDEF 14A0001339970-26-000021aTyr Pharma, Inc's most recent proxy was read; its disclosed peer group does not include Amylyx Pharmaceuticals. Filing ↗
42Section 10a, Gossamer Bio, Inc. reciprocityDEF 14A0001728117-26-000027Gossamer Bio, Inc.'s most recent proxy was read; its disclosed peer group does not include Amylyx Pharmaceuticals. Filing ↗
43Section 10a, Chimerix, Inc. reciprocityDEF 14A0001117480-24-000010Chimerix, Inc.'s most recent proxy was read; its disclosed peer group does not include Amylyx Pharmaceuticals. Filing ↗