Velarion · Company Intelligence
Compensation Brief
Fiscal year 2025 · Filings through 2026-06-11

Green Plains (GPRE)

Fiscal year 2025 executive and director compensation, incentive-plan design, equity activity, and governance — every figure in this brief is traceable to its exact location in the company’s SEC filing — the document, the section, the page, and the table, linked directly.

$1,714,132
G. Patrich Simpkins Jr. total, FY2025
CEO pay percentile vs peers
31:1
CEO-to-median pay ratio
93.96%
Say-on-pay support, latest vote
Companies that benchmark against GPRE
3 companies name GPRE as a compensation peer

Each company listed discloses GPRE in its own benchmarking peer group, as disclosed in each company's most recent proxy statement within the last two proxy seasons. Two companies are therefore absent by design: one that named GPRE in an earlier year and no longer does, and one whose own most recent disclosure is older than the last two seasons.

01

Summary Compensation Table — fiscal year 2025

Named executive officerSalaryBonusStock awardsOption awardsNon-equity incentivePension / NQDCAll otherTotal
G. Patrich Simpkins Jr.$295,962$500,000$569,043$0$0$0$349,127$1,714,132
Former Chief Executive Officer - Fluid Quip (March 2025 - August 2025); Former Chief Transformation Officer (January 2023 - March 2025)
James Herbert II385,09675,000644,0490366,000030,2511,500,396
Chief Human Resources Officer; Executive Committee Member (March 2025 - August 2025)
Imre Havasi309,32775,000549,2040258,115018,1031,209,749
Senior Vice President - Head of Trading and Commercial Operations; Executive Committee Member (March 2025 - August 2025)
Trent Collins273,2750375,0290251,000074,685973,989
Senior Vice President - Operations

A dash means the company reported no figure in that column; 0 means it reported zero. Figures are as printed in the filing, without adjustment.

Three-year trend — total compensation per named executive

Named executive officerFY2025 totalFY2024 totalFY2023 totalΔ FY20242025
G. Patrich Simpkins Jr.$1,714,132$1,393,090
James Herbert II1,500,396
Imre Havasi1,209,749
Trent Collins973,989

Prior-year totals as disclosed in the corresponding proxy; deltas are computed values with the derivation shown in the register.

02

Equity transactions since the proxy statement was filed

Every insider equity transaction reported on Form 4 after the 2025 proxy statement — acquisitions, dispositions, exercises, and withholdings — and therefore not reflected in any table in that document.

InsiderRoleTransaction dateCodeSharesPriceValueSecuritySource
Trent CollinsSVP Operations2026-04-29D657$17$11,333CommonForm 4 ↗
Imre HavasiSVP Trading and Commercial Ops2026-05-15D461177,902CommonForm 4 ↗
Patrick SweeneyDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Carl GrassiDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Farha AslamDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Brian PetersonDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Patrick SweeneyDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Kimberly WagnerDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Steve FurcichDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
Martin Salinas JrDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗
James D. AndersonDirector2026-06-05A9,01915135,014CommonForm 4 ↗

Transaction codes per Form 4: A acquisition · S open-market sale · F tax withholding · M option exercise · G gift. Value = shares × price as reported. Dividend-equivalent and fractional-share accrual rows (derivative Class A, under $10,000 and under 2,000 shares) are aggregated per date; every row appears in full below.

03

Grants of plan-based awards — fiscal year 2025

ExecutiveAwardGrant dateThresholdTargetGrantedMaximumGrant-date fair value
Todd A. BeckerPSU2024-03-1446,27792,5532,150,006$185,106
G. Patrich Simpkins Jr.OTHER24,194
Chris OsowskiPSU24,19448,388303,87796,776
Michelle MapesOTHER48,388
Phil BoggsPSU16,13032,259202,58764,518
Phil BoggsPSU2024-03-144,3058,610200,01017,220
James StarkPSU2024-03-147,53415,067350,00630,134
Michelle MapesPSU2024-03-146,45812,915300,01525,830
Chris OsowskiPSU41,96783,933890,949167,866
Imre Havasi2025-03-1020,162
Michelle MapesPSU24,19448,388303,87796,776
Trent CollinsPSU7,91415,828168,01531,656
Imre Havasi2025-03-1040,323
G. Patrich Simpkins Jr.OTHER48,388
James Herbert IIOTHER24,194
James Herbert IIOTHER7,685
Chris OsowskiPSU2024-03-146,99613,991325,01127,982
James Herbert IIOTHER48,388
03b

Vehicle mix — grant-date fair value by award type

Named executive officerTime-vested (RSU)Performance-vested (PSU)Options / SARs% performance-vested
Todd A. Becker$0$185,106$0100.0%
Chris Osowski0292,6240100.0%
Michelle Mapes0122,6060100.0%
Phil Boggs081,7380100.0%
James Stark030,1340100.0%
Trent Collins031,6560100.0%

% performance-vested = PSU grant-date fair value ÷ (RSU + PSU + Options), a computed value with the derivation shown in the register.

05

Incentive-plan design — the Compensation Discussion & Analysis

Our Compensation Committee has designed our executive compensation program to deliver pay that reflects corporate, business unit and individual performance that also aligns with the plans of the Company for the creation of long-term value for our shareholders. As part of our compensation philosophy, we pay executive salaries that are competitive with the majority of compensation being "at-risk" through annual cash incentive and long-term equity awards.

CEO STI target (% of salary)100%
CEO LTI target (% of salary)
Independent consultantPay Governance
Clawback policyTrue
Anti-hedgingTrue
Anti-pledgingTrue
06

Say-on-pay — recent advisory votes

Meeting yearMeeting dateForAgainstAbstainSupportOutcome
20262026-06-0544,972,2992,889,732244,50093.96%Passed
20252025-06-0636,314,6054,966,445142,33487.97%Passed
20242024-05-0749,007,1722,387,85944,39895.35%Passed
20232023-05-0947,385,8812,559,41413,04994.85%Passed
20222022-05-0438,690,2763,009,46046,23792.68%Passed
20212021-05-0530,068,7944,231,26363,67287.5%Passed

Rows are labeled by annual-meeting year, with the meeting date beside each; the vote held in a given year acts on the prior fiscal year's compensation.

Say-on-pay — history, company's computation

Meeting yearMeeting dateApproval — company's computation
20262026-06-0593.96%a
20252025-06-0687.97%b
20242024-05-0795.35%c

a. Approved under the standard stated in the filing — “Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, do not count as votes cast "for" or "against" Proposal 4.”.

b. Approved under the standard stated in the filing — “Abstentions do not count as votes cast "for" or "against" Proposal 2.”.

c. Approved under the standard stated in the filing — “Abstentions do not count as votes cast "for" or "against" Proposal 2.”.

Approval percentages are the company's own reported computations under its own stated standard, not recomputed by Velarion. Where a company does not state a standard, none is assumed.

07

CEO pay ratio

Ratio (CEO : median employee)31 : 1
CEO total compensation$3,690,719
Median employee compensation$117,499
08

Director compensation — fiscal year 2025

DirectorCash feesStock awardsOption awardsNon-equity incentiveAll otherTotal
James D. AndersonIndependent · Board Chair · Compensation$110,000$135,000$0$0$0$245,000
Martin Salinas JrIndependent · Audit (Chair) · Nominating and Governance110,000135,000000245,000
Kimberly WagnerIndependent · Audit · Nominating and Governance (Chair)105,000135,000000240,000
Brian PetersonIndependent · Compensation (Chair)100,000135,000000235,000
Farha AslamIndependent · Compensation90,000135,000000225,000
Ejnar A. Knudsen IIIIndependent · Audit90,000135,000000225,000
Alain TreuerIndependent · Audit · Nominating and Governance90,000135,000000225,000
Patrick SweeneyIndependent · Newly elected00000218,850
Carl GrassiIndependent · Nominating and Governance · Newly elected00000218,850
Steve FurcichIndependent · Newly elected000000
Todd A. BeckerEmployee director · Not standing for re-election · Departed during FY00000
Chris OsowskiEmployee director · Partial-year service · Newly elected00000
09

Board fee structure and ownership guideline

Annual cash retainer$90,000
Annual equity retainer$135,000
Per board meeting fee
Committee chair fees (audit / comp / nom-gov)20,000 / 10,000 / 15,000
Stock ownership guideline5x annual cash retainer
09b

Total cost of the board

ComponentFY2025
Cash retainers and fees$695,000
Equity awards (grant-date value)$945,000
All other compensation$0
Total cost of the board$1,640,000

Computed as the sum of the director compensation table rows above; inputs and formula shown in the register.

10

Disclosed peer group — fiscal year 2025

The compensation peer group as the company disclosed it in its own proxy — the reference set behind the percentile above.

INGR Ingredion Incorporated New Market CorporationPARR Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.DK Delek US Holdings, Inc.ANDE The Andersons, Inc.DAR Darling Ingredients Inc.TALO Talos Energy Inc.CVI CVR Energy, Inc.CLNE Clean Energy Fuels CorporationKOP Koppers Holdings Inc.FUL H.B. Fuller Company
10a

Peer reciprocity

Of the companies Green Plains names as compensation peers, which name it back in their own disclosed peer groups. A peer set the market reciprocates reads differently from one selected in a single direction.

Ingredion Incorporated (INGR) Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (PARR) Delek US Holdings, Inc. (DK) The Andersons, Inc. (ANDE) Darling Ingredients Inc. (DAR) Talos Energy Inc. (TALO) CVR Energy, Inc. (CVI)57 Clean Energy Fuels Corporation (CLNE)58 Koppers Holdings Inc. (KOP) H.B. Fuller Company (FUL)

Reciprocity shown where the peer's own current proxy has been read — each mark is cited in the register to that peer's filing. A dash means the peer's current proxy was read and names no reciprocal group including Green Plains.

10b

Chief executive pay against the peer group

Most recent fiscal-year chief executive compensation at each disclosed peer, taken from that company's own proxy statement.

RankCompanyFYChief executiveSalaryStock awardsOption awardsNon-equity incentiveTotal
1Ingredion Incorporated2025James Zallie$1,290,929$6,509,237$1,999,964$2,185,980$12,932,234
2Darling Ingredients Inc.2025Randall Stuewe1,284,2316,681,03001,328,1129,402,554
3CVR Energy, Inc.2025David Lamp1,200,0001,678,68302,034,0008,602,449
4Clean Energy Fuels Corporation2025Andrew Littlefair787,062947,8680867,9732,698,546
5Green Plains2025G. Patrich Simpkins Jr.295,962569,043001,714,132
Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.not in coverage universe
Delek US Holdings, Inc.not in coverage universe
The Andersons, Inc.not in coverage universe
Talos Energy Inc.not in coverage universe
Koppers Holdings Inc.not in coverage universe
H.B. Fuller Companynot in coverage universe

Each peer's compensation is from its most recently filed proxy; fiscal years differ by company. Each peer's figures come from its own filings; the subject company is highlighted. Peers whose chief executive compensation is outside our coverage universe are stated as such, never left blank.

10c

Incentive design against the same peers

CompanyAnnual incentive payoutLong-term vehicle mixPSU measures include TSRCompensation consultant
Green Plains98%PSU 50 · RSU 50NoPay Governance
Clean Energy Fuels Corporation111%RSU 50 · PSU 50NoSemler Brossy
CVR Energy, Inc.113%RSU 100not disclosedNone (not engaged in 2025)
Darling Ingredients Inc.70%PSU 60 · RSU 40Yes — Total Shareholder Return (TSR)Meridian Compensation Partners, LLC
Delek US Holdings, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
H.B. Fuller Companynot disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Ingredion Incorporated112.5%PSU 50 · RSU 25 · Options 25Yes — Relative Total Shareholder Return (rTSR)Meridian Compensation Partners, LLC
Koppers Holdings Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
Talos Energy Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed
The Andersons, Inc.not disclosednot disclosednot disclosednot disclosed

Read from each company's Compensation Discussion and Analysis: annual incentive payout as a percentage of target, the disclosed long-term vehicle mix, whether performance-share measures include a total shareholder return component, and the retained compensation consultant. “Not disclosed” appears only where the company's filing does not state the item.

11

Source register

Each figure's location is given both for the eye (section · page · table · row · column) and for a script (table/row/column index and exact character span in the filed document). Any figure can be independently confirmed against the source.

#SupportsDocumentFiledAccessionLocation in document
1Section 01, G. Patrich Simpkins Jr.DEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 1,714,132. Filing ↗machine: t160 · span 1141605–1141614
2Section 01, James Herbert IIDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 1,500,396. Filing ↗machine: t160 · r14 · c12 · span 1130793–1130802
3Section 01, Imre HavasiDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 1,209,749. Filing ↗machine: r13 · c21 · span 1127742–1127751
4Section 01, Trent CollinsDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Summary Compensation Table”. As printed: 973,989. Filing ↗machine: r12 · c21 · span 1124668–1124675
5Section 03, Todd A. Becker PSUDEF 14ASection “Executive Compensation” · grants of plan-based awards table.
6Section 03, G. Patrich Simpkins Jr. OTHERDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r30 · c8 · span 1245409–1245415
7Section 03, Chris Osowski PSUDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r5 · c13 · span 1182313–1182319
8Section 03, Michelle Mapes OTHERDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t152 · r4 · c3 · span 1037729–1037735
9Section 03, Phil Boggs PSUDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r15 · c13 · span 1208932–1208938
10Section 03, Phil Boggs PSUDEF 14ASection “Executive Compensation” · grants of plan-based awards table.
11Section 03, James Stark PSUDEF 14ASection “Executive Compensation” · grants of plan-based awards table.
12Section 03, Michelle Mapes PSUDEF 14ASection “Executive Compensation” · grants of plan-based awards table.
13Section 03, Chris Osowski PSUDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r7 · c13 · span 1187811–1187818
14Section 03, Imre Havasi DEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r22 · c6 · span 1224070–1224076
15Section 03, Michelle Mapes PSUDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t152 · r4 · c3 · span 1037729–1037735
16Section 03, Trent Collins PSUDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r19 · c13 · span 1218949–1218955
17Section 03, Imre Havasi DEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t152 · r7 · c3 · span 1045854–1045860
18Section 03, G. Patrich Simpkins Jr. OTHERDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t152 · r9 · c1 · span 1050980–1050986
19Section 03, James Herbert II OTHERDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t164 · r26 · c8 · span 1234585–1234591
20Section 03, James Herbert II OTHERDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: span 1055205–1055210
21Section 03, Chris Osowski PSUDEF 14ASection “Executive Compensation” · grants of plan-based awards table.
22Section 03, James Herbert II OTHERDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” · grants of plan-based awards table. Filing ↗machine: t152 · r8 · c3 · span 1048563–1048569
23Section 07, pay ratioDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “CEO Pay Ratio”. As printed: 31 : 1. Filing ↗machine: span 1442226–1442233
24Section 08, James D. AndersonDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 245,000. Filing ↗machine: t76 · r2 · c9 · span 519389–519396
25Section 08, Martin Salinas JrDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 245,000. Filing ↗
26Section 08, Kimberly WagnerDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 240,000. Filing ↗
27Section 08, Brian PetersonDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 235,000. Filing ↗
28Section 08, Farha AslamDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 225,000. Filing ↗machine: t76 · r3 · c9 · span 521417–521424
29Section 08, Ejnar A. Knudsen IIIDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 225,000. Filing ↗machine: t76 · r4 · c9 · span 523460–523467
30Section 08, Alain TreuerDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 225,000. Filing ↗machine: t76 · r7 · c9 · span 529563–529570
31Section 08, Patrick SweeneyDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 218,850. Filing ↗machine: t83 · r9 · c9 · span 606707–606713
32Section 08, Carl GrassiDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 218,850. Filing ↗machine: t83 · r5 · c9 · span 598495–598501
33Section 08, Steve FurcichDEF 14A2025-04-240001309402-25-000074Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 0. Filing ↗machine: t83 · r4 · c5 · span 595711–595712
34Section 08, Todd A. BeckerDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 0. Filing ↗
35Section 08, Chris OsowskiDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050Section “Director Compensation”. As printed: 0. Filing ↗
36Section 02, Trent Collins 2026-04-29Form 42026-04-300001309402-26-000054Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
37Section 02, Imre Havasi 2026-05-15Form 42026-05-180002061681-26-000003Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
38Section 02, Patrick Sweeney 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-080002066643-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
39Section 02, Carl Grassi 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090001810207-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
40Section 02, Farha Aslam 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090001784355-26-000004Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
41Section 02, Brian Peterson 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090001344643-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
42Section 02, Patrick Sweeney 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-080002066643-26-000003Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
43Section 02, Kimberly Wagner 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090001826968-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
44Section 02, Steve Furcich 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090002065536-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
45Section 02, Martin Salinas Jr 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090001437908-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
46Section 02, James D. Anderson 2026-06-05Form 42026-06-090001447751-26-000002Insider equity transaction reported since the proxy statement. Filing ↗
47Section 06, 2026 voteForm 8-K2026-06-110001309402-26-000063Item 5.07 · say-on-pay result. As reported: 93.96% (votes for as printed: 44,972,299). Filing ↗
48Section 06, 2025 voteForm 8-K2025-06-060001309402-25-000111Item 5.07 · say-on-pay result. As reported: 87.97% (votes for as printed: 36,314,605). Filing ↗
49Section 06, 2024 voteForm 8-K2024-05-070001309402-24-000094Item 5.07 · say-on-pay result. As reported: 95.35% (votes for as printed: 49,007,172). Filing ↗
50Section 03b vehicle mix (computed)ComputedcomputedRSU / PSU / Options grant-date fair values summed per officer from the grants table; % performance-vested = PSU ÷ (RSU+PSU+Options).machine: formula: sums + PSU ratio
51Section 09b board cost (computed)ComputedcomputedCash 695,000 + equity 945,000 + all other 0 = 1,640,000, summed across the director compensation table rows.machine: formula: Σ = 1,640,000
52Ingredion Incorporated, Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-080001046257-26-000151CEO total compensation as printed in Ingredion Incorporated's own proxy. As printed: 12,932,234. Filing ↗machine: r2 · c17 · span 1721497–1721507
53Darling Ingredients Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-03-190001193125-26-116042CEO total compensation as printed in Darling Ingredients Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 9,402,554. Filing ↗machine: t222 · r3 · c27 · span 972629–972638
54CVR Energy, Inc., Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-210001376139-26-000022CEO total compensation as printed in CVR Energy, Inc.'s own proxy. As printed: 8,602,449. Filing ↗machine: span 526205–526214
55Clean Energy Fuels Corporation, Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-300001104659-26-052378CEO total compensation as printed in Clean Energy Fuels Corporation's own proxy. As printed: 2,698,546. Filing ↗machine: t150 · r6 · c14 · span 789888–789897
56Green Plains (subject), Section 10b CEO totalDEF 14A2026-04-240001309402-26-000050CEO total compensation as printed in Green Plains's own proxy. As printed: 1,714,132. Filing ↗machine: t160 · span 1141605–1141614
57Section 10a, CVR Energy, Inc. reciprocityDEF 14A0001376139-26-000022CVR Energy, Inc.'s most recent proxy was read; its disclosed peer group does not include Green Plains. Filing ↗
58Section 10a, Clean Energy Fuels Corporation reciprocityDEF 14A0001104659-26-052378Clean Energy Fuels Corporation names Green Plains in its own disclosed peer group (read from its most recent proxy). Filing ↗